| ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE |
Computer systems performing tasks normally requiring human intelligence, such as speech recognition, decision-making, and language translation.
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| MACHINE LEARNING |
Systems learning from data including identifying patterns and making decisions for itself.
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| SUPERVISED LEARNING |
Machine learning subset where the data is labelled by a human.
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| UNSUPERVISED LEARNING |
Machine learning subset whereby the AI tool teaches itself. |
| REINFORCEMENT LEARNING |
Machine learning subset whereby the AI tool learns from its environment. |
| DEEP LEARNING |
Machine learning subset whereby the AI tool uses larger datasets than the foregoing machine learning subsets resulting in high performance. The neural networks involved have deep layers that enable learning. |
| COMPUTER VISION |
AI tools that learn from image data. |
| NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING |
AI tools that learn from human speech. |
| ALGORITHM |
A set of instructions or steps to complete a task such as data processing or automated reasoning. |
| CORPUS |
Essentially the same as a dataset. Large collections of data used for research. |
| BIG DATA |
Very large datasets interpreted to reveal patterns or trends. |
| BLACK BOX |
Term given to the inability to see between the layers of an AI tool, including the fact that an AI tool will make a decision without explanation.
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| CONTROLLER |
Under the GDPR, ‘controller’ means the natural or legal person, public authority, agency or other body which, alone or jointly with others, determines the purposes and means of the processing of personal data; where the purposes and means of such processing are determined by Union or Member State law, the controller or the specific criteria for its nomination may be provided for by Union or Member State law.
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| PROCESSOR |
Under the GDPR, ‘processor’ means a natural or legal person, public authority, agency or other body which processes personal data on behalf of the controller. |
| PROCESSING |
Under the GDPR, ‘processing’ means any operation or set of operations which is performed on personal data or on sets of personal data, whether or not by automated means, such as collection, recording, organisation, structuring, storage, adaptation or alteration, retrieval, consultation, use, disclosure by transmission, dissemination or otherwise making available, alignment or combination, restriction, erasure or destruction.
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| PERSONAL DATA |
Under the GDPR, ‘personal data’ means any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person (‘data subject’); an identifiable natural person is one who can be identified, directly or indirectly, in particular by reference to an identifier such as a name, an identification number, location data, an online identifier or to one or more factors specific to the physical, physiological, genetic, mental, economic, cultural or social identity of that natural person. |
OES
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Under the UK NIS Regulations 2018, an operator of essential services is an organisation that provides essential services where the service provision depends on network information systems and any disruption would have significant disruptive effects on that service.
Essential services are services that are critical to the national infrastructure (e.g. water, energy, transport) or significantly important to the economy and wider society like health services and digital infrastructure.
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| RDSP |
Under the UK NIS Regulations 2018, a relevant digital service provider is an organisation which is an online marketplace, online search engine or a cloud computing service which has a head office in the UK or a nominated representative in the UK and has more than 50 staff and a turnover or balance sheet or more than 10 million euros. |
